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Formulas Glossary Contents (pdf)

Chapters: A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

C h a p t e r A: Units, Measurements and Uncertainty (html, pdf)

A.1 Rules for Rounding Numbers Interactive

A.2 Rules for Counting Significant Figures Interactive

A.3 Significant Figures in Multiplication Interactive

A.4 Significant Figures in Division Interactive

A.5 Significant Figures in Addition Interactive

A.6 Significant Figures in Subtraction Interactive

A.7 Accuracy and Precision

A.8 Mean Interactive

A.9 Standard Deviation Interactive

A.10 Introduction to the Metric System Interactive

A.11 Metric Mass Conversions Interactive

A.12 Metric-British Mass Conversions Interactive

A.13 Metric Length Conversions Interactive

A.14 Metric-British Length Conversions Interactive

A.15 Metric Volume Conversions Interactive

A.16 Metric-British Volume Conversions Interactive

A.17 Volume of a Rectangular Solid Interactive

A.18 Volume of a Sphere Interactive

A.19 Volume of a Right Circular Cylinder Interactive

A.20 Volume of a Right Circular Cone Interactive

A.21 Density Interactive

A.22 Density of Regular-shape Objects Interactive

A.23 Specific Gravity Interactive

A.24 Temperature Conversions Interactive

A.25 Multiple Choice Practice Problems (with step-by-step solutions)

C h a p t e r 1: Atoms, Molecules and Ions (html, pdf)

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Basic Periodic Table

1.3 Concept of Atomic Number

1.4 Periodic Table (Atomic Numbers)

1.5 Concept of Isotope Interactive

1.6 Periodic Table (Isotopes)

1.7 Metals, Nonmetals and Metalloids

1.8 Periodic Table (Metals, Nonmetals and Metalloids)

1.9 Concepts of Group and Period

1.10 Periodic Table (Groups and Periods)

1.11 Concept of Family

1.12 Periodic Table (Families)

1.13 Properties of Elements in a Family

1.14 Periodic Table (Properties of Elements in a Family) Videos (Li, Na, K, Cl₂, Br₂, I₂)

1.15 Concept of Molecule (Part I)

1.16 Periodic Table (Molecules) Interactive

1.17 Concept of Ion (Part I) Interactive

1.18 Periodic Table (Ions) Interactive

1.19 Concept of Ion (Part II)

1.20 Binary Ionic Compounds between Main-group Metals and Nonmetals

1.21 Periodic Table (Binary Ionic Compounds between Main-group Metals and Nonmetals) Interactive

1.22 Binary Ionic Compounds between Transition Metals and Nonmetals

1.23 Periodic Table (Binary Ionic Compounds between Transition Metals and Nonmetals) Interactive

1.24 Introduction to Polyatomic Ions

1.25 Polyatomic Ions (-1 charge) Interactive

1.26 Polyatomic Ions (-2 charge) Interactive

1.27 Polyatomic Ions (-3 and +1 charges) Interactive

1.28 Ionic Compounds with Polyatomic Ions (-1 charge)

1.29 Periodic Table (Ionic Compounds with Polyatomic Ions (-1 charge)) Interactive

1.30 Ionic Compounds with Transition Elements and Polyatomic Ions (-1 charge)

1.31 Periodic Table (Ionic Compounds with Transition Elements and Polyatomic Ions (-1 charge) Interactive

1.32 Ionic Compounds with Polyatomic Ions (-2 charges)

1.33 Periodic Table (Ionic Compounds with Polyatomic Ions (-2 charge)) Interactive

1.34 Ionic Compounds with Transition Elements and Polyatomic Ions (-2 charge) Interactive

1.35 Periodic Table (Ionic Compounds with Transition Elements and Polyatomic Ions (-2 charge)) Interactive

1.36 Ionic Compounds with Polyatomic Ions (-3 charge)

1.37 Periodic Table (Ionic Compounds with Polyatomic Ions (-3 charge)) Interactive

1.38 Ionic Compounds with Transition Elements and Polyatomic Ions (-3 charge)

1.39 Periodic Table (Ionic Compounds with Transition Elements and Polyatomic Ions (-3 charge)) Interactive

1.40 Polyatomic Ions (+1 charge)

1.41 Periodic Table (Polyatomic Ion (+1 charge) with Polyatomic Ion (-1 charge)) Interactive

1.42 Periodic Table (Polyatomic Ion (+1 charge) with Polyatomic Ion (-2 charge)) Interactive

1.43 Periodic Table (Polyatomic Ion (+1 charge) with Polyatomic Ion (-3 charge)) Interactive

1.44 Introduction to Binary Molecular Compounds

1.45 Periodic Table (Binary Molecular Compounds Containing Hydrogen)

1.46 Introduction to Molecular Compounds Containing Polyatomic Ions and Hydrogen

1.47 Periodic Table (Molecular Compounds Containing Polyatomic Ions and Hydrogen)

1.48 Practice Problems (Main Group Elements)

1.49 Practice Problems (Transition Elements)

1.50 Concept of Molecule (Part II): Naming Binary Molecular Compounds

1.51 Chemical Formula and Name of Molecular Compounds

C h a p t e r 2: Introduction to Chemical Reactions (html, pdf)

2.1 Balancing Chemical Equations

2.1.1 Introduction

2.1.2 Phases in a Chemical Reaction

2.1.3 Balancing the Chemical Reaction: Al + Fe₂O₃ à Fe + Al₂O₃

2.1.4 Balancing the Chemical Reaction: CO₂ + H₂Oà C₆H₁₂O₆ + O₂

2.1.5 Balancing the Equation of a Combustion Reaction

2.1.6 Balancing the Reaction Fe₂(SO₄)_3(aq) + NH_3(g) + H₂O_(l) à Fe(OH)_3(s) + (NH₄)₂SO_4(aq)

2.1.7 Balancing Chemical Reactions 1 Interactive

2.1.8 Balancing Chemical Reactions 2 Interactive

2.1.9 Balancing Equations (Practice Problems)

2.1.10 Balancing Chemical Equations in Word Problems

2.1.11 Balancing Chemical Equations, Word Problem Part 1 Video

2.1.12 Balancing Chemical Equations, Word Problem Part 2 Video

2.1.13 Balancing Chemical Equations, Word Problem Interactive, Video

2.1.14 Balancing Chemical Equations, Word Problems (Practice Problems)

2.2 Solubility Rules

2.2.1 Introduction

2.2.2 Solubility Rules for Chlorides, Bromides and Iodides

2.2.3 Dissociation of Chloride, Bromide and Iodide Compounds

2.2.4 Solubility Rules for Acetates, Chlorates, Perchlorates, Nitrates and Hydroxides

2.2.5 Dissociation of Acetate, Chlorate, Perchlorate, Nitrate and Hydroxide Compounds

2.2.6 Solubility Rules for Sulfides

2.2.7 Dissociation of Sulfide Compounds

2.2.8 Solubility Rules for Carbonates, Chromates and Sulfates

2.2.9 Dissociation of Carbonate, Chromate and Sulfate Compounds

2.2.10 Solubility Rules and Dissociation of Ammonium Compounds

2.2.11 Conclusions

2.2.12 Practice Problems

2.3 Ionic Equations and Precipitation Reactions

2.3.1 Writing Ionic Equations:

2.3.1.a Reaction of NaCl_(aq)with AgNO_3
(ag) Video

2.3.1.b Reaction of CoCl_{2 (aq)} with Na₂S_(aq) Video

2.3.1.c Reaction of NaCl_(aq)with Ca(NO₃)_2
(ag)

2.3.2 Ionic Reactions Interactive

2.3.2.a Reaction of Copper(II) Nitrate with NaOH Video

2.3.2.b Reaction of Cobalt(II) Chloride with KOH Video

2.3.3 Practice Problems

2.4 Electrolytes and Nonelectrolytes

2.4.1 Electrolytes and Nonelectrolytes: Videos (Electrolyte, Nonelectrolyte)

2.4.2 Strong and Weak Electrolytes: Videos (Strong, Weak Electrolytes)

2.5 Acids and Bases

2.5.1 Properties of Acids and Bases

2.5.2 Arrhenius Acids and Bases

2.5.3 Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases

2.5.4 Strong Acids and Weak Acids Videos (Water in Acid, Litmus Paper)

2.5.5 Strong Bases and Weak Bases Video

2.5.6 Summary

2.6 Oxidation-Reduction Reactions

2.6.1 Introduction to Oxidation and Reduction Reactions

2.6.2 Rules for Assigning Oxidation Numbers Interactive

2.6.3 Assigning Oxidation Numbers

2.6.4 Assigning Oxidation Numbers Interactive

2.6.5 Balancing Half-reactions (Oxidation and Reduction)

2.6.6 Balancing Half-reactions (Acidic Conditions) Interactive

2.6.7 Balancing Half-reactions (Basic Conditions) Interactive

2.6.8 Balancing Half-reactions (Acidic Conditions) Interactive

2.6.9 Balancing Overall Redox Reaction Equations

2.6.10 Balancing Overall Redox Reaction Equation (Acidic) Interactive

2.6.11 Balancing Overall Redox Reaction Equation (Basic) Interactive

2.6.12 Practice Problems

C h a p t e r 3: Mass Relations in Formulas and Chemical Reactions (html, pdf)

3.1 The Atomic Mass

3.2 The Atomic Mass in the Periodic Table Interactive

3.3 Avogadro's Number and the Mole

3.4 Concept of Formula Mass or Molar Mass

3.5 Problems on Molar Mass Interactive

3.6 Conversions between the Number of Moles and the Mass

3.7 Visualization of the "Mole" Videos (Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, S, Si, Ti, CuSO₄, SiO₂)

3.8 Conversions between the Number of Moles and the Mass Interactive

3.9 Problems on Avogadro's Number

3.10 Problems on Avogadro's Number Interactive

3.11 Percent Composition

3.12 Problems on Percent Composition Interactive

3.13 Empirical Formula

3.14 Problems on Empirical Formula Interactive

3.15 More Problems on Empirical Formula

3.16 More Problems on Empirical Formula Interactive

3.17 Molecular Formula

3.18 Problems on Molecular Formula Interactive

3.19 Stoichiometry Videos (H₂+O₂, H₂+2O₂, 2H₂+O₂)

3.20 Problems on Stoichiometry Interactive

3.21 Practice Problems (Multiple Choice with step-by-step Solutions)

C h a p t e r 4: Amounts, Stoichiometry and Reactions In Aqueous Solutions (html, pdf)

4.1 Introduction to Molarity Video

4.2 Problems on Molarity Interactive

4.3 Molarity of Ionic Solutions

4.4 Problems on Molarity of Ionic Solutions Interactive

4.5 Diluting Solutions

4.6 Problems on Diluting Solutions Interactive

4.7 Theoretical Yield, Limiting Reactant and Percent Yield Videos (Reaction: Mg + HCl A, B, C and D))

4.8 Problems on Theoretical Yield, Limiting Reactant and Percent Yield Interactive

4.9 Volumetric Analysis Interactive Video

4.10 Gravimetric Analysis

4.11 Problems on Gravimetric Analysis Interactive

4.12 Practice Problems (Multiple Choice with step-by-step Solutions)

C h a p t e r 5: Gases (html, pdf)

5.1 Pressure Measurements in Gases

5.2 Problems on Pressure Measurements Interactive

5.3 Boyle's Law

5.4 Problems on Boyle's Law Interactive

5.5 Charles's Law Video

5.6 Problems on Charles's Law Interactive

5.7 Gay-Lussac's Law

5.8 Problems on Gay-Lussac's Law Interactive

5.9 Combined Gas Law

5.10 Problems on Combined Gas Law Interactive

5.11 The Ideal Gas Law

5.12 Problems on the Ideal Gas Law Interactive

5.13 Avogadro's Law

5.14 Problems on Avogadro's Law Interactive

5.15 Gas Density

5.16 Problems on the Gas Density Interactive

5.17 Stoichiometry of Gaseous Reactions

5.18 Problems on Stoichiometry of Gaseous Reactions Interactive

5.19 Partial Pressures in Gas Mixtures Video

5.20 Problems on Partial Pressures in Gas Mixtures Interactive

5.21 Mole Fractions

5.22 Problems on Mole Fractions Interactive

5.23 Kinetic Theory Postulates

5.24 Average Speed of Gas Particles

5.25 Problems on the Average Speed of Gas Particles Interactive

5.26 Graham's Law of Effusion of Gases

5.27 Problems on Graham's Law of Effusion of Gases Interactive

5.28 Real Gases

5.29 Problems on Real Gases Interactive

5.30 Practice Problems (Multiple Choice with step-by-step Solutions)

C h a p t e r 6: Thermochemistry (html, pdf)

6.1 Introduction to Thermochemistry Video (Endothermic, Exothermic Reactions)

6.2 Magnitude of Heat (q)

6.3 Problems on the Magnitude of Heat Interactive

6.4 Measuring Quantities of Heat: Calorimetry

6.5 Problems on Calorimetry Interactive

6.6 Heat Flow: Calorimetry

6.7 Problems on Heat flow: Calorimetry Interactive

6.8 Enthalpy